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miniRT
By Marcelo Magalhães and Ygor G. Sena, 2023.
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miniRT
By Marcelo Magalhães and Ygor G. Sena, 2023.
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Go to the source code of this file.
Data Structures | |
| struct | s_sphere |
| The structure t_sphere represents a sphere. More... | |
| struct | s_plane |
| The structure t_plane represents a plane. More... | |
| struct | s_cylinder |
| The structure t_cylinder represents a cylinder. More... | |
| struct | s_cone |
| The structure t_cone represents a cone. More... | |
| struct | s_shape |
| struct | s_hit |
| The structure t_hit stores a linked list of ray-shape intersections' values. More... | |
| struct | s_discriminant |
| This struct stores the necessary data to evaluate a ray-sphere intersection. To do that, it relies in geometry, trigonometry and the Pythagorean theorem. It's important to mention that discriminant means the number that says whether the ray intersects the sphere at all. For a detailed description, refer to: https://www.scratchapixel.com/ lessons/3d-basic-rendering/minimal-ray-tracer-rendering-simple-shapes/ ray-sphere-intersection.html. More... | |
Macros | |
| #define | EPSILON 0.00001 |
Typedefs | |
| typedef struct s_sphere | t_sphere |
| The structure t_sphere represents a sphere. More... | |
| typedef struct s_plane | t_plane |
| The structure t_plane represents a plane. More... | |
| typedef struct s_cylinder | t_cylinder |
| The structure t_cylinder represents a cylinder. More... | |
| typedef struct s_cone | t_cone |
| The structure t_cone represents a cone. More... | |
| typedef struct s_shape | t_shape |
| typedef struct s_hit | t_hit |
| The structure t_hit stores a linked list of ray-shape intersections' values. More... | |
| typedef t_bool(* | t_hit_record) (t_hit **, t_shape *, t_ray) |
| typedef t_tuple(* | t_normal_at) (t_shape *, t_tuple) |
| typedef struct s_discriminant | t_discriminant |
| This struct stores the necessary data to evaluate a ray-sphere intersection. To do that, it relies in geometry, trigonometry and the Pythagorean theorem. It's important to mention that discriminant means the number that says whether the ray intersects the sphere at all. For a detailed description, refer to: https://www.scratchapixel.com/ lessons/3d-basic-rendering/minimal-ray-tracer-rendering-simple-shapes/ ray-sphere-intersection.html. More... | |
Functions | |
| t_bool | intersect (t_hit **xs, t_shape *shape, t_ray ray) |
| This function gets shape's intersection from ray's origin. If the ray is inside the shape, then there is one intersection in front of the ray and another one behind it. When the ray intersects the shape at one point only, the function returns two intersections with the same point each. This will be helpful when dealing with object overlaps in ch. 16 (Constructive Solid Geometry - CSG). More... | |
| t_hit * | intersection (float t, t_shape *shape) |
| Creates a hit record for an intersection. More... | |
| void | insert_intersection (t_hit **xs, t_hit *i) |
| Inserts a hit record into a list of intersections in order of increasing t value. More... | |
| t_hit * | hit (t_hit *xs) |
| Determines the first hit from a list of intersections. More... | |
| t_shape | new_shape (void) |
| Creates a new shape with default properties. More... | |
| t_vector | normal_at (t_shape *shape, t_point world_point) |
| Calculates the normal vector at a given point on a shape's surface. More... | |
| void | set_transform (t_shape *shape, t_matrix transform) |
| Assigns a transformation matrix to a shape. More... | |
| t_shape | new_sphere (void) |
| Creates a new sphere with default properties. More... | |
| t_shape | new_plane (void) |
| Creates a new plane with default properties. More... | |
| t_color | pattern_at_shape (t_pattern pattern, t_shape *shape, t_tuple world_point) |
| This function applies a pattern texture on a given object at a given world location. More... | |
| t_color | lighting (t_shape *shape, t_light light, t_tuple point, t_sight sight) |
| In a nutshell, the function adds together the material's ambient diffuse, and specular componentes, weighted by the angles between the different vectors. The material can receive dark or light exposure. Dark exposure means that the material is exposed to light indirectly. Thus, only ambient reflection is computed. Light exposure means that the material is exposed to light directly and, in addition to ambient reflection, the diffuse and specular reflection are also calculated. More... | |
| t_shape | new_cylinder (void) |
| Creates a new cylinder with default properties. More... | |
| t_shape | new_cone (void) |
| Creates a new cone with default properties. More... | |
| t_discriminant | sphere_discriminant (t_sphere *sphere, t_ray ray) |
| This function returns the necessary data to evaluate a ray-sphere intersection. To do that, it relies in geometry, trigonometry and the Pythagorean theorem. It's important to mention that discriminant means the number that says whether the ray intersects the sphere at all. More... | |
| t_discriminant | cylinder_discriminant (t_ray ray) |
| This function returns the necessary data to evaluate a ray-cylinder intersection. To do that, it relies in geometry, trigonometry and the Pythagorean theorem. It's important to mention that discriminant means the number that says whether the ray intersects the cylinder at all. More... | |
| t_discriminant | cone_discriminant (t_ray ray) |
| This function returns the necessary data to evaluate a ray-cone intersection. To do that, it relies in geometry, trigonometry and the Pythagorean theorem. It's important to mention that discriminant means the number that says whether the ray intersects the sphere at all. More... | |
The structure t_cone represents a cone.
| origin | Stores the cone's origin point. |
| minimum | Stores the cone's minimum height, i.e, lowest height. |
| maximum | Stores the cone's maxinum height, i.e, highest height. |
| closed | Stores TRUE, if the cone is capped or FALSE, if it isn't capped. |
| typedef struct s_cylinder t_cylinder |
The structure t_cylinder represents a cylinder.
| origin | Stores the cylinder's origin point. |
| radius | Stores the radius of the cylinder. |
| minimum | Stores the cylinder's minimum height, i.e, lowest height. |
| maximum | Stores the cylinder's maxinum height, i.e, highest height. |
| closed | Stores TRUE, if the cylinder is capped or FALSE, if it isn't capped. |
| typedef struct s_discriminant t_discriminant |
This struct stores the necessary data to evaluate a ray-sphere intersection. To do that, it relies in geometry, trigonometry and the Pythagorean theorem. It's important to mention that discriminant means the number that says whether the ray intersects the sphere at all. For a detailed description, refer to: https://www.scratchapixel.com/ lessons/3d-basic-rendering/minimal-ray-tracer-rendering-simple-shapes/ ray-sphere-intersection.html.
| a | Stores a value from quadratic equation. This value is useful to identify if a ray is parallel or not to y axis of a given cylinder. |
| b | Stores b value from quadratic equation derived from geometry rules. |
| c | Stores c value from quadratic equation derived from geometry rules. |
| t1 | Stores the distance from ray's origin up to the intersection of a given ray with shape's surface. If there is only one, it means the ray intersects the shape in only one point. |
| t2 | Stores the distance from ray's origin up to the intersection of a given ray with shape's surface. The combination of positive and negative numbers of t1 and t2 will determine where the ray is intersecting the shape. |
| discriminant | Stores the information about how the ray intersects a given shape. If discriminant isless than 0, then the ray doesn't intersect the shape. If discriminant is 0, the ray intersects the shape in one place only. If the discriminant is higher than 0, the ray intersects the shape in two places. |
The structure t_hit stores a linked list of ray-shape intersections' values.
| t | Stores the distance between the origin of the ray and the point of intersection. |
| object | Stores information about the shape that is being intersected. |
| next | Stores the next intersection value of one ray casting, if any. |
The structure t_plane represents a plane.
| origin | Stores the plane's origin point. |
The structure t_sphere represents a sphere.
| origin | Stores the sphere's origin point. |
| radius | Stores the radius of the sphere. |
| t_discriminant cone_discriminant | ( | t_ray | ray | ) |
This function returns the necessary data to evaluate a ray-cone intersection. To do that, it relies in geometry, trigonometry and the Pythagorean theorem. It's important to mention that discriminant means the number that says whether the ray intersects the sphere at all.
| ray | A structure of type t_ray representing the ray that is going to intersect (or not) the cone. |
t_discriminant with a, b, c values from quadratic equation derived from initial formulas as well as t1, t2 and discriminant values. t1 and t2 are the distance from ray's origin up to the intersection of given ray with cone's surface. | t_discriminant cylinder_discriminant | ( | t_ray | ray | ) |
This function returns the necessary data to evaluate a ray-cylinder intersection. To do that, it relies in geometry, trigonometry and the Pythagorean theorem. It's important to mention that discriminant means the number that says whether the ray intersects the cylinder at all.
| ray | A structure of type t_ray representing the ray that is going to intersect (or not) the cylinder. |
t_discriminant with a, b, c values from quadratic equation derived from initial formulas as well as t1, t2 and discriminant values. t1 and t2 are the distance from ray's origin up to the intersection of given ray with cylinder's surface. Determines the first hit from a list of intersections.
By "hit", we mean the first intersection that is visible from the ray's origin. It is possible to have intersections that are behind the ray or that were hidden behind (or occluded by) other objects. The hit() function takes a list of intersection records as a parameter and returns the first visible intersection from the list.
| xs | A pointer to a structure of type t_hit that stores a list of intersection records. |
t_hit that represents the first visible intersection from the list of intersection records. Inserts a hit record into a list of intersections in order of increasing t value.
This function inserts a hit record into a list of intersections in order of increasing t value. The function takes a pointer to the list of intersections represented by a pointer to a pointer to a structure of type t_hit and a pointer to a structure of type t_hit representing the hit record to be inserted. If the hit record has a smaller t value than any existing hit records, it is inserted at the beginning of the list. Otherwise, the function traverses the list of intersections and inserts the hit record at the appropriate position.
| xs | A pointer to a pointer to a structure of type t_hit representing the list of intersections. |
| isect | A pointer to a structure of type t_hit representing the hit record to be inserted. |
This function gets shape's intersection from ray's origin. If the ray is inside the shape, then there is one intersection in front of the ray and another one behind it. When the ray intersects the shape at one point only, the function returns two intersections with the same point each. This will be helpful when dealing with object overlaps in ch. 16 (Constructive Solid Geometry - CSG).
| xs | A struct of type t_hit that stores intersections' values, if any. |
| sphere | A struct of type t_shape containing a shape. |
| ray | A struct of type t_ray containing a ray. |
TRUE if an intersection was found and added to the list. Otherwise, returns FALSE. Creates a hit record for an intersection.
This function creates a hit record for an intersection, which contains information about the intersection such as the t value, the object that was intersected, the color of the object, its material properties, and whether or not it should be reflected. This information is used to draw the intersection and to determine how it interacts with other objects in the scene.
| t | A float value representing the distance between the origin of the ray and the point of intersection. |
| shape | A pointer to a structure of type t_shape representing the object that was intersected. |
t_hit representing the hit record. In a nutshell, the function adds together the material's ambient diffuse, and specular componentes, weighted by the angles between the different vectors. The material can receive dark or light exposure. Dark exposure means that the material is exposed to light indirectly. Thus, only ambient reflection is computed. Light exposure means that the material is exposed to light directly and, in addition to ambient reflection, the diffuse and specular reflection are also calculated.
| shape | A struct of type t_shape that stores the shape's material color, ambient, diffuse, specular and shininess attributes. |
| light | A struct of type t_light containing the light's source. |
| point | A struct of type t_tuple of the point being illuminated. |
| sight | A struct of type t_sight with the values of eye and normal vectors obtained from the Phong Reflection Model algorithm. |
| t_shape new_cone | ( | void | ) |
Creates a new cone with default properties.
This function creates a new cone with default properties transform and material by calling new_shape() and then assigning specific properties origin, maximum height, minimum height and closed (or capped) to it. The function returns a structure of type t_shape representing the new cone.
t_shape representing a new cone with default properties. | t_shape new_cylinder | ( | void | ) |
Creates a new cylinder with default properties.
This function creates a new cylinder with default properties transform and material by calling new_shape() and then assigning specific properties origin, radius, maximum height, minimum height and closed (or capped) to it. The function returns a structure of type t_shape representing the new cylinder.
t_shape representing a new cylinder with default properties. | t_shape new_plane | ( | void | ) |
Creates a new plane with default properties.
This function creates a new plane with default properties by calling new_shape() and then assigning specific properties to it. The function returns a structure of type t_shape representing the new plane.
t_shape representing a new plane with default properties. | t_shape new_shape | ( | void | ) |
Creates a new shape with default properties.
This function creates a new shape with default properties and returns a structure of type t_shape. The returned shape can be further customized by assigning specific properties to it using other functions.
t_shape representing a new shape with default properties. | t_shape new_sphere | ( | void | ) |
Creates a new sphere with default properties.
This function creates a new sphere with default properties by calling new_shape() and then assigning specific properties to it. The function returns a structure of type t_shape representing the new sphere.
t_shape representing a new sphere with default properties. Calculates the normal vector at a given point on a shape's surface.
A surface normal, or normal vector, is a vector that points perpendicular to a surface at a given point. This function calculates the normal vector at a specified point on the surface of a shape. The normal vector is essential in various applications, such as shading and collision detection.
The function computes the normal vector by evaluating the specific shape's surface properties and geometry at the given world point. The world point refers to the point on the shape's surface for which the normal vector is to be calculated.
| shape | A pointer to a structure of type t_shape representing the shape. |
| world_point | A structure of type t_point referring to the world point on the surface of the given shape. |
This function applies a pattern texture on a given object at a given world location.
| pattern | Receives the pattern to be applied. |
| shape | Represents the shape that will receive the pattern. |
| world_point | Contains the world point at which the pattern's color will be applied. |
Assigns a transformation matrix to a shape.
The transformation matrix is applied to the shape by modifying its internal transformation matrix. This matrix is used to transform the shape's vertices and normals when rendering it.
| shape | A pointer to a structure of type t_shape representing the shape to be transformed. |
| transform | A matrix of type t_matrix containing the transformation values to be set. |
| t_discriminant sphere_discriminant | ( | t_sphere * | sphere, |
| t_ray | ray | ||
| ) |
This function returns the necessary data to evaluate a ray-sphere intersection. To do that, it relies in geometry, trigonometry and the Pythagorean theorem. It's important to mention that discriminant means the number that says whether the ray intersects the sphere at all.
| sphere | A pointer to a structure of type t_sphere representing the sphere to be (or not) intersected with a ray. |
| ray | A structure of type t_ray representing the ray that is going to intersect (or not) the sphere. |
t_discriminant with a, b, c values from quadratic equation derived from initial formulas as well as t1, t2 and discriminant values. t1 and t2 are the distance from ray's origin up to the intersection of given ray with sphere's surface. 
1.9.1